Pedro Almodovars Talk to Her (Hable con Ella) and Live...

Pedro Almodovar, in his recent films Talk to Her (Hable con Ella) (2002) and Live Flesh (Carne Trà ©mula) (1997), has brought a thoroughly modern interpretation to the genre of melodrama. These fresh illustrations of human love, loneliness, frustration and individuality explore the complexity of human interaction and interestingly, in Talk to Her, the interactions of the sentient in relation to the insentient. Nothing is simple, Alicias ballet teacher muses in Talk to Her, this statement accurately captures the essential Pedro Almodovar style. Both of the works selected for analysis in this essay are melodramas. The word melodrama originated from the Greek root which directly translated means music drama. These films do†¦show more content†¦No coldness, no bluish tones I told Javier (the director of photography for Talk to Her). Its like their [the characters] home. I didnt want the spectator to be faced with an atmosphere of pain or illness. What I wanted to show was the everyday life of some people who live there. The use of colour is also instrumental in Pedro Almodovars pop-art style. The incorporation of classical Catholic-themed oil paintings in Elenas bedroom and also the images Lydias sister is arranging in the hotel before the bull fight are examples of the pop-art movement. Almodovar was a significant influence on the emerging culture of Spanish youth since the 1980s. Almodovars exploration of issues such as the drug culture in a non-traditional manner is evident in both movies. The narrative does not directly comment on Elenas addiction to freebase cocaine and gratuitously Sancho asks David if he has any cocaine because coke dries your tears. The films ideology seems to condone Davids cannabis smoking as a healthier alternative to Sanchos drug of choice, namely, alcohol. Marco can be seen to be smoking a joint while he looks on at Benigno, Alicia and Alicias ballet teacher on their balcony, in Talk to Her too. This is significant in that it is an example of the liberalisation of Spanish culture since the death of Franco and the emergence of Spain from that dictatorial, repressive regime. The exploration of the

Impact on the People of Nigeria by Muslims, French and...

Africans have been migrating through out the continent, including Nigeria, long before there was even written record. Because of this, there has always been an extensive amount of inter-mingling between various ethnic groups, making it difficult to actually trace back who came from where. Aside from this amalgamation, there has been a huge impact on the peoples of Nigeria by outside forces. In particular, three major groups that had a major impact were Muslim merchants from across the Sahara, British slave traders and eventual colonizers, and the French and British Christian missionaries. The combination of these three groups has had both an economic and cultural impact on Nigeria that is still present today. External penetration of†¦show more content†¦Nigeria became known as the â€Å"Slave Coast† until the middle of the nineteenth century. Characteristics traceable to Yoruba culture have been found in communities of African descent in Brazil, Cuba and in the West Indies. Also, many of the Creoles of Freetown, Sierra Leone, are descendants of early Yoruba freed slaves. Even after the British supposedly abolished slavery in 1807, slavery merely stopped becoming an export but was replaced by forced labor to work for cultivating groundnuts, palm oil and gathering ivory. Also, during this â€Å"abolishment,† the Portuguese came back to trade of slaves and pick up where the British left off. During the 400 years that the population was being depleted and controlled by Britain, Europe had gone through its agricultural, industrial and intellectual revolutions. Not only were Europeans interested in the cash value of Africans, but they also wanted their souls. Missionaries, unlike traders, did not just stick to port towns, rail and river lines or commercial centers. They went out of their way to penetrate the most remote parts of Nigeria’s interior. Catholic Missionaries arrived in Benin, a bordering country of Nigeria, in 1516 and were there until 1688 but their initial efforts failed to make a lasting impression. In 1841 missionaries tried again and eventuallyShow MoreRelatedSpread of Islam via Sokoto Caliphate608 Words   |  2 Pagesfaithful. Currently known to the world today as Northern Nigeria the Sokoto Caliphate followed the Sufi traditions an Islamic sect—incorporating a very different method of prorogating the religion of the faithful and was successful for the greater part of the nineteenth century. Not since the first jihads during the time of Muhammad when the city of Medina sought an income by raiding the carava ns of the Meccans had the jihad made such an impact on the growth of Islam. A jihad declared by Usman dan FodioRead MoreBritish Colonies And Its Impact On South Africa1938 Words   |  8 Pagesexample the French empire employed a system call direct rule. 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After WW1 Mark Sykes, representing the British government, and Francois Georges-Picot, from the French government, agreed upon new borders they had created in 1916; the problem forRead MoreDbq Essay Impacts Of New Imperialism3241 Words   |  13 Pagesnew imperial attitude was known as New Imperialism to distinguish it from the previous Age of Discovery. Analyze the impacts of New Imperialism (1800-1914) on the various regions of world. Document 1 (Background: Many white people felt that they were morally responsible to raise ignorant native peoples to a higher level of civilization. Few captured this notion better that the British poet Rudyard Kipling in his famous poem The White Man’s Burden. 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“Plato” Free Essays

Ethnocentrism is defined as an attitude where in a person has the tendency to look at the world differently from his own world and primarily his own is the center of everything. This belief somehow put others as inferior in the eyes of the ethnocentric. It can also apply to a group, society or even a country where in their view of their culture and race is superior to other races or societies. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Plato† or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the discussion that was provided, Socrates’s etchnocentic ideas has somewhat put his life in danger and eventually death. He based his wisdom from his knowledge and he believed that the society of the Athenians from which he belongs really lack in such credentials. His attack to his society as against his principles has led him into his death. Socrates was said to have laid the foundation of Western philosophy. Today, many hard-lined Westerners are viewed as ethnocentric in a way that they believe America is the most previleged country in the world. They see American society have the most liberalized, cultured, civilized and educated society as they view others belonging to the developing or the third world. Such attitude entails the impression that emanates from their character as racist and predominantly prejudice to others.   In some way or another it was observed that ethnocentric people prefer the company of people who are in the same status such as them and are more comfortable sharing their values and belief to them while they almost behaved in similar ways. It is in this degree that they decline new meanings and thoughts of others since they consider these as less acceptable and desirable. Sophism does have two different meanings. In our world today, sophism is an illogical argument as it is used by an author or a speaker to deceive or confuse someone into believing him. But in ancient Greece, the sophists are given the value of a wise man sometimes denoting as a teacher or a philosopher. Socrates was once a Sophos meaning he was only a believer and a man of wisdom. He gave this wisdom to his students the likes of Plato. But when he sees the weakness and disease in his society, he made himself heard which made him a sophist arguing with his government of personal reform through divinity. Relativism connotes different theories. The first suggest that other elements of experience or culture is dependent or in relation to other element or aspects. There are many kinds of relativism but they all have two common features. First is that they assert one thing like moral values, beauty, knowledge or meaning which is relative to particular framework. Second is that they deny that any standpoint is uniquely advantageous over all others. There are two kinds of relativisms in general perspective. These are Cognitive Relativism which has a broader meaning and states that every statement has its truth which is relative to some set of background conditions and assumptions. Meaning, it asserts the relativity of truth. Then, Moral Relativism which defines that what is right to one person is not morally right to another. This greatly applies to cultural relativism where cultures have great difference in their values. Protagoras who is considered a sophist is a lawyer and rhetorician. His teachings states that wise man learn to be brilliantly adoptable to ideas. In view of disagreement the philosophical man knew that there is no definite solution and no definite answer to a problem. The objective of resolving disagreements is not to seek the truth because there is no such thing as truth. The solution lies in â€Å"curing† disagreements by making people agree at endpoint. Protagoras as a diplomat taught that a wise man can be able to persuade others to accept his views thus avoiding disagreements and turn the table in his favor. Socrates life is viewed as ethnocentric because in his belief that he has more wisdom and knowledge in human dignity than his society. He was a man of reason and follows the divine principle of God. He is a devoted educator of many other philosophers and was hoping to lead Athens out of ignorance. He had only the chance to prove his worth as a teacher and a great philosopher to those of his students. In his time, probing and speaking out the sickness of the society is heresy (Pine, 1985). Reference: Pine, R. C. (1985). Science and the Human Prospect [Electronic Version] from http://home.honolulu.hawaii.edu/~pine/book1qts/chapter4qts.html How to cite â€Å"Plato†, Essay examples

Developing Succession or Workforce Manage Planning

Question: Discuss about the Developing Succession or Manage Workforce Planning. Answer: Introduction This report is based on the subject area of workforce planning and management. The report is divided into two parts. The organization selected for this study is the major dairy food manufacturing company in Australia called Bulla Dairy Firms. In the first part, the report discusses about the current situations of the Australian dairy food manufacturing industry and Bulla Dairy Foods. At the same time, the report also focuses on the analysis of the future prospects of the company. The study also presents analyses of the labor market in the current situation and suggests future growth strategies. In the second assessment, the primary focus is on the development of a strategy implementation plan for addressing the internal workforce need of Bulla Dairy Foods. After the strategy implementation planning, the report reviews the plan for workforce and evaluates the same. Current situation of the industry Factors that affect the supply of labor in Australian dairy industry In the analysis of the Australian Dairy industry, it can be stated that there are many factors that can affect the supply of labor for the Australian dairy industry. One of the major factors is policy uncertainties. Due to the uncertainties in the policies of Australian dairy industry, the fear of unemployment arises in the minds of Australian dairy workers. Due to this, the labor supply has been negatively affected. For example, currently, only 39000 people are working in the whole dairy industry in Australia, which is much lower than the other sector like hospitality (1200000 employees). Apart from policy uncertainties, the labor supply in Australian dairy industry is also positively affected by remuneration. The amount of money paid to the workers in this industry is quite good. Due to this, many people are becoming interested to work in this industry. As per the current data, the labor supply curve of the industry is upward trending because of the rise in rate of wage. Opportunity of overtime work is more in the Australian dairy industry and thus, the scope of additional income is high. This has positively contributed to the labor supply in the industry. Enhancement of occupational labor mobility is another factor that has affected the labor supply in Australian dairy industry negatively. Occupational mobility refers to ease of labor movement from one job to another. The young generation is moving out from this industry. The current data shows that the total number of employees in the industry is 39000 only, which indicates undersupply of labor in the industry. Factors affecting the demand for labor in Australian dairy industry The following factors shape the labor demand in Australian dairy industry. These factors are discussed as under: The primary factor that has affected labor demand in Australian dairy industry is increased target of dairy production. The companies under this industry are trying hard to increase their production level so that they can export more and improve the profit percentage. Therefore, the labor demand is also increasing. On the other hand, increasing number of organizations is another factor that is positively affecting the labor demand in Australian dairy industry. In 2015, total number of dairy firms in Australia was 528, in comparison to 2011 where the number of diary firms were around 507 only. Due to this increasing trend, the demand for properly skilled experts is also increasing. At the same time, the increasing demand for the dairy products in the national and international market has also positively influenced the demand for labor. Government initiatives that affect the demand and supply of labor in Australian dairy industry If the Australian dairy industry is compared with the dairy industries around the world, then it can be seen that, Australia is far behind in case of dairy production. It contributes only 5% of the total dairy production in the world, whereas Japan contributes 19%, South East Asia contributes 30% and Middle East contributes around 10%. According to International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture and Food, 2014, the federal government of Australia has started to take new steps for increasing farming workforce in the country. The federal government of Australia is also focusing on the sustainability of the agriculture and dairy production. However, considering the current state of Australian dairy industry, it can be stated that Australian dairy industry must prioritize the planning for its workforce. On the other side, the state government of Queensland, Australia has announced in the beginning of 2016 that it is time to support the farmers in the Australian dairy industry. With the help of governments support, the farmers or the laborers in the dairy industry are being able to improve their skills through extensive training procedures. On the other side, the dairy companies are demanding for this skilled labor. Therefore, the governments support is indirectly influencing the labor demand. The current decrease in the price of milk has influenced the state government to take coordinated approach. At the same time, the local government in Victoria is also monitoring the labor flow in the dairy industry. The local government has focused more on labor welfare so that the supply of labor can be increased. The local government has arranged for free training programs for the farmers and at the same time, has also provided monetary supports to the farmers. For example, in the beginning o f 2016, the government has provided $11.4 million package to the dairy farmers. Current situation of the organization Bulla Dairy Foods is one of the major family owned dairy food manufacturing organization in Australia. Bulla family has been operating its business for more than 100 years contributing significantly to the growth of the Australian Dairy industry. Current employee strength of the organization is 450. Identifying whether the staff diversity meets the current organizational requirements The current organizational requirement at Bulla Dairy Foods is to increase milk production and thereby increase the revenue.. However, achieving the organizational requirements needs proper workforce and strategies. Therefore in order to check the feasibility of the success of Bulla Dairys organizational strategies, it is important to evaluate the staff diversity within the organization. The evaluation of two staff diversity variables at Bulla Dairy Foods has been stated below: Gender diversity: At Bulla Dairy Foods, the number of male employees is more than the number of female employees. Moreover, Bulla Dairy Foods has recruited the male employees for the primary activities of the firm which include extracting the milk, operating the machines and marketing activities. On the other side, female employees are engaged with the secondary activities like, taking care of the animals, packaging. The management team is comprised of both male and female employees. Therefore, it can be said that the gender diversity at Bulla Dairy Foods meets the requirements of the company. However, there is no indirect discrimination between the male and female employees for the primary and secondary activities. Age group: At Bulla Dairy Foods, majorly young employees are engaged with core production and marketing activities because young employees are quick learners. Moreover, there are certain tenured employees who can perform better and in an organized manner as compared to the younger workforce. Therefore, the possibility of hampering the production and marketing activities is less. On the other side, the management team of the organization has included senior employees because their experiences help the organization to identify effective strategies at the right time. Hence, the age diversity is also effective for meeting the organizations requirements. Comment on current organizational strategy and workforce plans Currently, Bulla Dairy Foods has started to expand its business in international market and so the company has taken the strategy of selling the products through super markets. This strategy requires an effective workforce in the supply chain. The company has recruited efficient employees for the supply chain so that the flow of products never gets hampered. On the other hand, the company has recruited educated people in the marketing team, who can deal with international business organizations. Furthermore the strategy that the organization has taken is high production with minimum cost. In order to meet this particular strategy, the company has recruited skilled workforce so that the production can be higher. However, due to the employment of skilled workforce, the company has had to recruit less number of people. Hence, the costs of salaries and wages were reduced . At the same time, the company is also providing training to the employees on a quarterly basis, so that they can per form better. Therefore, the workforce planning of Bulla Dairy Foods is aligned with the organizational strategies. Comment on staff turnover at Bulla Dairy Foods Few years back, the staff turnover at Bulla Dairy Foods was average. However, currently, the staff turnover within the organization has started to increase, which is not acceptable. The employee base in the organization is 450, which is much lower than before. In 2013-2014, the turnover rate was 7.2%, which increased to 8.62% in 2014-2015 and 15.09% in 2015-2016. This means the total staff turnover increased by 7.89% from 2013 to 2016. This increased staff turnover can affect the production and distribution of the productions also loss of knowledge for the business. However, this issue of staff turnover can be solved by the following strategies: Increase the salary and wage level by reducing useless costs. At Bulla Dairy Foods, the wastage is high, which causes extra cost. Therefore, if the company reduces the wastage, then it can use that money in the payment of salaries and wages. If the salaries and wages are competitive, the employees will not leave the organization. The firm needs to create a healthy working environment. It must maintain the hygiene level. The firm must try to build team unity among the employees. This will enhance the productivity of the employees. There must be friendly management within the organization. Good relationship between management and employees is very important for reducing the staff turnover. Strategies to find skilled labor from external sourcess In order to get the skilled labor from the external sources, the company needs to apply the following strategies: The company can use the medium of social media to find the skilled labor. The social media like LinkedIn is very popular selection of appropriate candidates as per the organizations desire. There is another option available to the management and that is the referral system. The company can introduce an incentive system for referring the skilled labor force. However, this must be restricted to the tenured employees. The company can also hold an open day for taking the interview of the local candidates. Developing the contingency options to deal with the extreme situations There may be different extreme situations, which Bulla Dairy Foods have to deal. Some of the extreme situations and the contingency options are as under: Loss of large number of retiring personnel: In order to handle this situation, the company must provide proper training to the employees, who are working for more than 10 years in the dairy industry or within the organization, so that they can handle the situation. Health epidemic: In order to handle the health epidemic situation, the company must maintain the hygiene factor within the workplace. At the same time, the company must start the free clinic facility for the employees. Unavailability of replacement workers at remote places: This situation can be handled by taking the strategy of providing free lodging, meal and travelling facilities to the employees belong from the urban areas. This particular strategy will attract the employees because their cost of living will be less. Future analysis Review of organizational strategy and change determination Current workforce strategies at Bulla Dairy Foods: Provide an initial 1 month training to each new employee recruited within the organization One time training to the existing employees Salary and wage increment once a year. The company has taken this strategy to reduce the cost. Recruit local people who can work for long time. Modification or changes in the workforce strategies: As Bulla Dairy is going to expand its business in the future, the management needs to introduce some new products, which requires more skilled labour. The company will get skilled labour by providing training to the existing employees for at least 4 times in a year. In order to get the skilled labour for the new products, the company will recruit some new employees who already have experience in dairy production. The management will introduce some contests for the existing employees so that they perform better than before. Determining the organizations workforce needs There are four main departments at Bulla Dairy Foods and these are production, operation, marketing and finance. Among 450 employees, the firm has recruited maximum employees in the production department that is 348 and minimum employees in the finance department that is 11. However, in order to achieve the organizations goal and maintain acceptable performance level, the organization needs to increase workforce in the marketing department which is currently at 57. This will help the company to capture the international market in a better way. The company needs to enhance the workforce in production department in order to produce more. The workforce is also needed to be increased in the operation department which is currently 34. However, the workforce in the finance department need not be changed. However, in order to expand the business more, the company needs to increase its workforce at least by 5%. Analyze the current workforce capacity to meet the predicted demand for goods and services Presently, the overall production of dairy products in the Australian market is 9.73 billion liters. However, in the Australian market, the demand for dairy products is 50% of the production. Currently, the workforce of the Bulla Dairy Foods is able to produce nearly 88% of the total countrys demand along with Bega Cheese Limited and Warrnambool Cheese Butter WCB. This indicates that the current capacity of Bullas workforce is more of less good as per countrys demand. However, the organization needs to improve the capacity so that it can meet the maximum demand alone. In order to do that, the company needs to increase its current workforce in each department. No labor transfer can be done because a production departments employee cannot work properly in the finance department. Hence, the organization needs to recruit expert employee in each department. Strategies to identify the gaps of future required staff The firm should retain the existing employees in the production department. The firm needs to recruit more skilled employees in the operation and marketing department. The firm should retrench the employees in the production department. Developing the communication strategies The firm can communicate the change to the effected staffs through face-to-face meetings and emails. This will help the management to communicate the change in a systematic way. At the same time, this will be verbal and written communication, which will help the employees to understand the change in a better way. Recommendations to the management Recruit at least 50 experienced marketing people: The management must recruit 50 experienced marketing people with experience of minimum 7 years. This will help the firm to get improved marketing ideas and utilize their skills in international marketing. Pay higher salary than the competitors: This is very important for keep the experienced staff within the firm. This will help to reduce the turnover of experienced people and help to keep sufficient qualified staff in house. Use social media: The management of the company can use social media in order to get highly knowledgeable workforce. At the same time, the organization needs to provide more training to the existing employees. Implementation Plan for diversity management, recruitment, training, redeployment and redundancy at Bulla Dairy Foods Internal labour needs identified Strategies to address need in the next year Required resources or budget Timeframe 10 female employees are needed for better customer relationship management in the international market The organization must employ more female employees in the marketing department in order to build up and maintain the customer relationship in the international market. Female employees are needed to be implemented because at Bulla Dairy Foods the number of female employees is less and if the organization employs more male employees, then there will be misbalance in the gender diversity management of the company. This strategy will also help the organization to meet the customized planning need principle of succession planning. The firm must budget 10% of its total cost for employing new female employees Within next 1 to 3 months By 31 Jan 2017 Need 2 experienced people for taking decision in critical situations. The company must recruit the experienced people who are above 45 years because it is seen that senior employees are often able to take better decisions in the critical situations. This is because they have faced greater challenges as compared to the younger workforce. Include 7% of the total cost of the organization. Within next 4 months By 28 Feb 2017 Recruitment of 20 skilled employees Take practical test to identify time management and quality of work of the new applicants, at the time of recruitment. Involve top management personnel at the time of taking the test because top management personnel have more judgmental capacity. This will also help Bulla Dairy Foods to meet the succession planning principle. Top management personnel Involve 0.5% of the total cost Take the test at the time of taking 2nd round of interview. Involve 2 hours Implement by 30 Nov 2016 Increase the workforce for product promotion In the marketing department, the management must employ the people who are willing to travel in different places for promoting the products. The employees may be male or female and young or aged. Involve 10% of the total budget for this recruitment. Within 3 to 4 months Urgent training Currently, many employees in the production department are not much familiar with the use of new machineries. Training required for 270 employees Company must arrange for the employees training session for at least 3 times in a year. This will help the company to educate its people regarding the use of new machineries. The employees will be updated. At the same time, some repetitive training is required because if an employee fails to perform better after one training session, he or she can try to understand the whole thing again in the next training session. Involve 30% of the total cost of the company in total training session in a year. Involve 3 days in each training session. Total number of days for the training of the employees in a year is 9 days Complete by 30 April 2017 Need of proper motivation for improving the employees productivity and reducing the rate of employee turnover Start entertainment sessions for each month. Include game show, quiz competition, parties. In the entertainment session. Provide different types of awards to the employees of different departments. For example, Employee of the Month award, and award for highest attendance. This will help the organization to influence its employees for better performance. Involve 5% of the total costs of the organization. Involve the middle level management team for organizing these events 1 day in each month Commence by 1 October 2016 Need employee management interaction Arrange for employee-management meetings on quarterly basis. This will help the management of Bulla Dairy Foods to convey their ideas and strategies to the lower level employees. At the same time, management also needs to consider the ideas of the lower level employees in decision-making. Due to this type of meeting, employees will feel that they are also important part of the organization. Involve all the lower level employees, top level and lower level management in the meetings 1 day in each 3 months Table 1: Planning Chart (Source:20) Therefore, from the above table, it can be said that there are various strategies that the organization (Bulla Dairy Foods) needs to implement in the coming future. These strategies will help the organization to achieve its goal or future targets successfully and at the same time, this will help the organization to reduce its employee turnover percentage. Determining the future staffing needs It has been identified before that the employee turnover rate at Bulla Dairy Foods has currently started to increase. This type of situation indicates that the company needs to recruit better people for the future days. The staff turnover figures at Bulla Dairy Foods in last three years and the future staff requirement of the organization are shown in the below table: Years Number of employees Percentage of turnover 2013 625 - 2014 580 7.2% 2015 530 8.62% 2016 450 15.09% 2017 (future requirement) 475 10.38% Table 2: Employee turnover ratio (Source:21) The above table is disclosing that from 2013-2014 to 2015-2016, the employee turnover rate has increased from 7.2% to 15.09%, which means that the percentage increased by 7.89%. However, for the next year, the management of Bulla Dairy Foods has decided to increase the workforce from 450 people to 475 people. This will result in the decrease of staff turnover rate by near about 5%. However, this percentage can be achieved with the help of two basic strategies, which are mentioned below: Recruitment strategy: The management of Bulla Dairy Foods must recruit the people by taking proper quality tests and at the same time, it must focus on the recruitment of experienced candidates. The company should emphasize on the employment of female employees. Rewarding strategy: The organization must reward the efficient employees on the monthly basis. This will develop a competitive attitude and interest in the mind of the staffs. An organization chart: Figure 1: Organizations chart (Source:22) The above figure is showing the organizational flow at Bulla Dairy Foods. In this organizational chart, there are five key positions and that are managing director, production manager, marketing manager, operation manager and finance manager. This particular structure shows that the managing director of the company recruits the managers of the four major departments of the company. This recruitment is done internally for the managerial posts. This is because the managers must be aware of each activity of the company in past, which is possible only if the recruitment is done from the internal source. However, the recruitment for the other posts is done from the external recruitment sources. A succession plan to ensure that the organization is the best employer An organization can be the best employer when it meets the requirements of the employees. In case of Bulla Dairy Foods, the employee turnover rate is increasing, which indicates that the company needs to take care of its employees. Therefore, a proper succession planning is required to improve the current position of the company. In order to identify the staff for the succession, the higher management at Bulla Dairy Foods needs to analyze and evaluate the performance of each employee on a weekly basis. This will help the management to identify the employees, who need performance improvements. At the same time, the management also needs to identify the employees, who are interested to improve their career in future. After identifying the staff for the succession, the management at Bulla Dairy Foods needs to develop strategies for the succession plan. The management of Bulla Dairy Foods can take the following strategies: The Management needs to monitor the succession program carefully at a regular interval. In order to do that, the management should provide the scope to the employees to learn the activities in a better way from the experienced personnel like, production supervisor for the employees of production department and marketing head for the marketing employees within the organization. The management can build a team with experienced and weak-performed employees, so that the weak-performing employees can learn in a better way. At the same time, the management can introduce special external management programs and special projects for improving the staffs quality. After one month, the management needs to analyze whether the performance level has been improved or not. Career development activities are also effective for the implementation of the succession plan at Bulla Dairy Foods. In these programs, the management should provide the tools to the employees, so that they can measure their own performance. It helps the employees to develop their career more effectively. Review of workforce plan and evaluation Review the workforce plan Presently, at Bulla Dairy Foods, most of the employees are male and young people. However, as per the new workforce plan, the organization will recruit more female employees and some experienced employees, who are above 45 years age group. These changes in the workforce will change the patterns of the existing employees. The existing female employees will be motivated, as the percentage of female within the organization will increase. At the same time, the female employees will feel more secure at workplace and the dominance of the male employees will be reduced. Due to the recruitment of experienced and relatively older people, the company will be able to improve the performance of the existing young employees because the young people will learn from the experienced people. The current workforce plan of the organization is not a low level workforce plan; however, the management must improve it to perform better in the future years. Climate survey to 10 employees and line managers How long are you working at Bulla Dairy Foods? Options Percentage of respondents Number of respondents Total respondents Less than 1 year 20% 2 10 1 to 3 years 70% 7 10 More than 3 years 10% 1 10 Table 3: Tenure of the employees and managers How far do you believe that current working environment at Bulla Dairy Foods is healthy? Options Percentage of respondents Number of respondents Total respondents Strongly believe 0% 0 10 Believe 30% 3 10 Neutral 10% 1 10 Disbelieve 40% 4 10 Strongly disbelieve 20% 2 10 Table 4: Satisfaction level of the employees and line managers How far do you believe that Bulla Dairy Foods needs to change the current working environment? Options Percentage of respondents Number of respondents Total respondents Strongly believe 30% 3 10 Believe 40% 4 10 Neutral 0% 0 10 Disbelieve 20% 2 10 Strongly disbelieve 10% 1 10 Table 5: Employees and line managers view regarding the change in Bullas current working environment Refining the objectives and strategies Objectives: To create a healthy environment at the workplace. To motivate the female employees towards better performance. To motivate all the existing employees to learn better techniques of performance improvements from the experienced people. Strategies: The management at Bulla Dairy Foods must develop new policies for the maintenance of the hygiene factor at workplace. The management must inform all the employees regarding new environmental policy, so that everyone can be responsible. New teams must be built by including all types of employees like, experienced and inexperienced, male and female, young and aged. Impact of global trends and incidents on workforce planning Impact of climate change: The production at Bulla Dairy Foods can be hampered due to the climate change because the production of milk is highly affected by the temperature. Therefore, in such situations can affect and hamper productivity which in turn can have an adverse affect on the profitability of the organization. As a result the company will not be able to pay the reward and salaries to the employees. Hence, the workforce planning will be a failure. Workforce casualisation: Due to the workforce casualisation, the discipline within the organization will be directly affected. Excessive casual attitude of the employees hampers their performance resulting in ineffective workforce planning. . Epidemic: Due to epidemics, employees will be physically unable to perform better and the employees, who are not affected by epidemics, will also refuse to come to the organization. Conclusion In the report on Bulla Dairy Foods it has been identified that the current workforce at the organization is mainly male oriented. The number of female employees is less and at the same time, the number of tenured employeesare also less. However, with the help of new succession planning the company wants to improve the performance of its employees. In order to create a successful succession plan and implement the same, the organization needs to adopt several strategies. However, there may be some barriers while implementing the succession or workforce planning which the organization needs to overcome. Bibliography: "Australian Dairy Industry News". 2016. Adf.Farmonline.Com.Au. https://adf.farmonline.com.au/ "Bulla, Made With Care And Shared With Love | Bulla Dairy Foods". 2016. Bulla.Com.Au. https://www.bulla.com.au/. "Dairy Information For Australian Dairy Farmers And The Industry - Dairy Australia". 2016. Dairyaustralia.Com.Au. https://www.dairyaustralia.com.au/. "En". 2016. Pwc. https://www.pwc.com.au/. "Food And Agriculture Organization Of The United Nations". 2016. Fao.Org. https://www.fao.org/. "Home". 2016. Nga.Org. https://www.nga.org/. "Home". 2016. The University Of Sydney. https://sydney.edu.au/. "IUF UITA IUL". 2016. Cms.Iuf.Org. https://cms.iuf.org/. "Job Outlook - Make Your Career A Reality". 2016. Joboutlook.Gov.Au. https://joboutlook.gov.au/. "Stand-Up Economist - What Is (And Isn't) Funny About Economics". 2016. Stand-Up Economist. https://www.standupeconomist.com/. "The Weekly Times". 2016. The Weekly Times. https://www.weeklytimesnow.com.au/. "Welcome To O.J.A.F.R". 2016. Ojafr.Ir. https://www.ojafr.ir/. "Welcome To SARPN". 2016. Sarpn.Org. https://www.sarpn.org/. Bamberry, Larissa. "Restructuring womens work; labour market and household gender regimes in the Greater Latrobe Valley, Australia."Gender, Place Culture23, no. 8 (2016): 1135-1149. Catro, A., J. M. Pereira, J. Bueno, and C. Amiama. "Socio-economic, structural aspects and motivations in automatic milking system of Galician farmers." InAnimal Production Technology. International Conference of Agricultural Engineering-CIGR-AgEng 2012: Agriculture and Engineering for a Healthier Life, Valencia, Spain, 8-12 July 2012., pp. P-1410. CIGR-EurAgEng, 2012. Harris, David. "Policy Design and Industry Development Plans: Dairy Industry Experiences in Asia and Australia." InCRUCIAL AGRICULTURAL POLICY: Analysis of Key Threats to Food Security, pp. 235-271. 2016. Ivanov, Dmitry, Boris Sokolov, Inna Solovyeva, Alexandre Dolgui, and Ferry Jie. "Dynamic recovery policies for time-critical supply chains under conditions of ripple effect."International Journal of Production Research(2016). Kamande, Kelvin M. "The relationship between financial management practices and financial performance in the dairy industry in Kenya." PhD diss., University of Nairobi, 2015. Kupi, Mathias. "Determinants of labour market gender inequalities in Cameroon, Senegal and Mali: the role of human capital and fertility burden."Canadian Journal of Development Studies/Revue canadienne d'tudes du dveloppement37, no. 1 (2016): 66-82. Lennon, Jane L. "Changes to Continuing Landscapes: Industrialisation of Australias Productive Rural Lands."Landscape Research40, no. 6 (2015): 684-700. Lunner Kolstrup, Christina, Marja Kallioniemi, Peter Lundqvist, Hanna-Riitta Kymlinen, Lorann Stallones, and Susan Brumby. "International perspectives on psychosocial working conditions, mental health, and stress of dairy farm operators."Journal of agromedicine18, no. 3 (2013): 244-255. Mallawaarachchi, Thilak, Cline Nauges, John Quiggin, and Orion Sanders.State-contingent analysis of farmers response to weather variability: Irrigated dairy farming in the Murray Valley, Australia. No. 16-668. Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), 2016. McGuire, Jean, Sandra Dow, and Bakr Ibrahim. "All in the family? Social performance and corporate governance in the family firm."Journal of Business Research65, no. 11 (2012): 1643-1650. Montaha, Mamduha. "Recruitment and selection process of BKB." (2016). Ndinda, Elizabeth. "Employee incentive practices among dairy firms in Kenya." PhD diss., University of Nairobi, 2013. Nguyen, C. "Adoption of quality assurance systems in dairy processing firms in Vietnam." PhD diss., Lincoln University, 2013. Poulter, Catherine, and Janet Sayers. "Retention of skilled migrants in the New Zealand Dairy Industry."New Zealand Journal of Employment Relations (Online)40, no. 2 (2015): 1. Richmond, Rena. "An emerging disease could threaten Australian dairy cattle." (2016): N21-N21. Sposito, Victor A., Harmen Romeijn, and Robert Faggian. "Development of Regional Production Areas in a Changing Climate: A Case Study of Gippsland, Australia."Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy(2015): 1-23.a Strazdins, Lyndall, Jennifer Welsh, Sarah Hinde, and Peter Butterworth. "Intergenerational policy and workforce participation in Australia: using health as a metric."Health Promotion International(2016): daw044. Thongplew, Natapol, CSA Kris van Koppen, and Gert Spaargaren. "Transformation of the dairy industry toward sustainability: The case of the organic dairy industries in the Netherlands and Thailand."Environmental Development17 (2016): 6-20. Ullah, Aman, and Connie Zheng. "The Impact of Strategic Human Resource Management Practices on Australian Dairy Farm Performance." InWork Organization and Human Resource Management, pp. 55-72. Springer International Publishing, 2014. Van der Leek, Martin L. "Beyond traditional dairy veterinary services:'It's not just about the cows!'."Journal of the South African Veterinary Association86, no. 1 (2015): 01-10.

Lucky Lira Essays - Economy Of Northern Cyprus, Lives Of The Saints

Lucky Lira Oct, 16/2000 The lucky lira What is your lucky item you cherish or pray too for good fortune? The Lucky lira plays an important symbolic role in Nino Ricci's novel Lives of the Saints. The coin was a sign of life saving properties, it also served as a protective talisman against evil and most importantly symbolized Vittorio's loss of innocence. As a result of Vittos faith in the coin he is able to better cope with his misfortunes. The lucky one lira was given to Vitto for his seventh birthday by Luciano , a restaurant owner in Rocca Secca and a friend of his moms. Luciano explained that during the war, in a field in Greece he had found it and the coin had saved his life, it deflected a bullet heading directly at his heart. Vottorio accepted the coin, not knowing how it would impact his life. The 1927 dented one lire given to Vitto symbolized a life saving property of the coin! . ?We lost the battle and many of my friends were killed. It was like a bad dream. But that night, when I was sitting in my tent, I found a little hole in my shirt pocket, like a bullet hoe. Then I remembered the coin I had pecked up, and when I took it out of my pocket I saw the mark on the wing. That's when I realized that the coin had saved my life?' (Luciano pg65) The quote illustrates what happened to Luciano and the lucky lira will further serve to protect Vittos life. The lucky lira is again working its magic when Vittorio is ambushed by the older boys on the mountain and Fabrizio comes to his rescue, but in return Vitto betrays him ?and to know also that I had sunk so low in shame now that no magic or miracle could ever reclaim me.' (Vittorio pg128) The quote shows Vittorio believing that the lira cannot save him and also acts as a premonition of things to come. The lucky lira acts as a talisman against evil and is Vittorio comfort blanket in way. As young Vitto attempts his chicken sacrifice to the spirits and as the chicken goes up in flames he takes out the lire for comfort. I had taken my lucky coin from my pocket now and was rubbing it furiously, hoping to calm the spirits(Vittorio pg115). From Vittos point of view his coin worked for the fire subsided. The outside appearence of having the coin by his side was to protect him from evil and just like the whole towns superstitions ,Vitto also has his own. The underlying reason the lira was so very dear to Vitto was that it provided some stability in his life. Even as he was exchanging good-byes with his only friend Fabrizio he didn't have the heart to give the lucky coin away!. I could not have imagined him giving it away, any more than I could have given away my lucky one lira coin (Vittorio pg169). This quote shows just how important the coin was especially because Vittorio knew he would never see Fabrizio again, but even Fabrizio's friendship did not provide Vitto with a stable thing he could rely on, his whole life was filled with scandal, turmoil and constant change. The coin was the one thing that stayed the same and could not be taken from him. The main symbolic importance of the coin is how it traces Vittorios loss of innocence throughout the novel. In the beginning Vitto is very dependent on his mom, but eventually is cast away from her and turns to the coin for help. Him receiving the coin symbolizes the beginning of the process and as the plot unravels its apparent that Vitto gradually becomes cynical, aggressive and takes on adult qualities. ?, it's your mother. Because she was screwing in the stable(Fabrizio). ?but I threw myself on him, arms flailing, and the two of us fell to the ground. (Vittorio pg104) Vitto becomes protective and further looses his innocence by doing the spell and getting into fights. Vittorio's transition from childhood to adulthood is premature and the lucky lira serves as a timeline, surfacing at critical times to assert its influence over him. In the

Alexander Hamilton - Federalist papers 78, 79, 80, 81 essays

Alexander Hamilton - Federalist papers 78, 79, 80, 81 essays Alexander Hamilton, author of numbers 78, 79, 80, and 81 of the Federalist Papers, justifies the specific provisions of Section 1 of Article 3 of the Constitution by defending his views on the Judiciary. He also explains some points that were hard to comprehend, more thoroughly, along with his view on the role of the Supreme Court. Tenure, when used by Mr. Hamilton, means in short, the occupancy of a seat on the Supreme Court for a Justice. This is to make clear that a Supreme Court Justice is not guaranteed a seat for life. Article 3, Section 1 of the U.S. Constitution states, The Judges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts shall hold their Offices during good Behaviour... The most important part of this statement is as I underlined good Behaviour because this justifies what tenure means in Mr. Hamiltons Federalist Paper number 78. Supreme Court Justices are appointed for life but it is not guaranteed. They must not break the law, and they must follow all of the rules and regulations that a court justice must follow. If not, they are capable of being impeached. The other half of Article 3, Section 1 of the U.S. Constitution ... and shall, at Times, receive for their Services, a Compensation, which shall not be diminished during their Continuance in Office. This is explained by Alexander Hamilton in the Federalist Papers number 79. He states The salaries of judicial officers may from time to time be altered, as occasion shall require, yet so as never to lessen the allowance with which any particular judge comes into office, in respect to him... But with regard to the judges, who, if they behave properly, will be secured in their places for life... Mr. Hamilton is justifying the guidelines of fixed salaries for a federal judge. He is stating that as time passes, things change and the economy will be stronger. Since this is bound to happen, judges will be paid...

BUS401 Wk 3 Discussions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

BUS401 Wk 3 Discussions - Assignment Example The analysis of the current market condition is critical in determining which marketing strategies work well in given situations. The assessment of opportunities is crucial in a strategic alternative bundle. This enables the management to spot and take advantage of new customer groups as well as to expand into other geographical markets. The strategic alternative plan also comprises of identification of the target market. The management must gather information to guide them in the potential consumer tastes and preferences (Nanjundaiah & Ramesh, 2010). The goals of an alternative strategic plan are important in the realization of greater revenue and efficiency. The strategies that transform the goals into results include pricing, promotional and distribution strategy. The strategic alternative bundles should be implemented in a given period. The time line devotes each department to the time limit for the implementation of a task. Companies that need good strategic alternative bundles should adopt a strategy that suits their budget. A contingency plan is the action that an organization implements in the event that an unplanned incident occurs (Nanjundaiah & Ramesh, 2010). The alternative plan is rolled out in case the expected outcome fails to materialize. The unfortunate happenings that hinder the materialization of plans are known as triggers. Companies that have contingency plans react quicker to disaster, stay ahead of their competitors, enjoy confident leadership and enables more accurate forecast on market trends. A good contingency plan should be time conscious. It should define the phase for the implementation of a plan. The plan should identify the trigger and determine the situations under which the plan can be implemented (Nanjundaiah & Ramesh, 2010). The plan should be plain and in simple language. The plan should be considerate of available resources as well as identify the

Policy analysis - capstone project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Policy analysis - capstone project - Assignment Example Support for its legalization has been growing and more popular in the last two years. With that in mind, many question just why marijuana continues to be illegal in so many states and according to the federal government. In the paper there are more states who are trying to legalize the use of marijuana for recreational and medical purposes. A similar measure or proposal is in Ohio right now. We will use and assume some numbers from the success story of the use in Colorado and Washington State so far and will analyze and project what the impact will be when a similar measure is in place in Ohio. The study will focus on the economic impact the use will bring the state of Ohio. If marijuana is legalized in Ohio there will be a significant change in the economy in terms of revenue collection. The government collects revenue from the inhabitants of Ohio through fines and criminal charges imposed on criminal offenders who are people caught using or selling marijuana. In fact the users of marijuana in Ohio equal 0.088. To arrive at this answer see the formula below. Presently, the quantity of marijuana consumed in Ohio annually is equals to 721 grams. In Ohio the fine for marijuana consumption is done in ounces, which are 1-3 ounces calls for $ 100, while 4-above ounces equal %250 fines. Therefore the amount of fine the criminal justice receive due to marijuana usage is equals to users=1,016,000 1-3 ounces=$100 and 4-above $250 therefore 25 ounces will result into a fine of 25X250=6250 per month. Therefore annually will equals 6250X12= $75,000. Therefore, the government collects seventy five thousand dollars annually from marijuana users (Caulkins, 2012). After marijuana has been made legal in Ohio an increase in percentage of users is observed. We need to find out the number of users after policy= number of current users +number of current users

Peer Review Feedback Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Peer Review Feedback - Essay Example It drew my attention to the article. The opening line, â€Å"I can remember the hunger I felt to obtain and share information as a child†, delivers the punch that is carried through in the opening paragraph. Another feature of your article is the detailed account of your various stages of transition presented in the work. Finally, I must say that you use simple words that make it easy to read and understand your work. Weaknesses The punch of the opening paragraphs is not felt in the later stages of the work. This reduces the attractiveness and readability of the work. There are two aspects here that I would like to point. The first is the style of writing makes the work appear disjointed. The flow is lacking. For example, you end one paragraph with â€Å"during this time, I obtained my son’s medical chart and reviewed it alone, and with health care professionals, while again using self taught research skills.† The next paragraph starts with â€Å"massage therapy career path, seemingly unrelated to the field of journalism, was full of more opportunities to collect information via research and interviewing†. There is lack of transition here. My last impression on weaknesses in the work is the lack of vivre le joi or the joy of living. You are dealing with a part of your life. I am sure you will agree that no life is worth without the essence of joy in it. It is not necessary to merely present the transition of your life as a set of data in research paper. Suggestions I do not feel I hold the privilege of making any suggestions for improving this work. Nevertheless, if may suggest there are three areas that I would address. The first aspect is reducing the size of the sentences. You use simple words, but the size of the sentences is large. The combination of simple words and simple sentences would make understanding of this work easy. I return to my criticism of the work for my next two suggestions. Use transition sentences between para graphs to help continuity in your work. The last suggestion lies in spicing up the work, such that you do convey joy in the life you led so far, and carry the hope that it goes further into your life. PORTFOLIO INTRODUCTION – MARTA IZER I have limited experience in doing a peer review. Therefore, I do not believe that I have much to contribute to your portfolio introduction. In my opinion it is a lovely piece of work. I just loved it. In case my observations help to make this portfolio introduction of yours even better, I believe I am the fortunate one. Any contribution of mine to this work of yours would be superfluous, without repeating that it is a good piece of writing. Strengths Your portfolio introduction has been constructed well, and written in a manner that makes for pleasant reading. Going through the contents has only made me relive my childhood and the transitions that have occurred in my life. You have written in such a style that the reader will be left with a t inge of nostalgia of the years gone by. Another strength in your piece of writing is the simple language that you have used. Simple words constructed into simple sentences have made the reading of this piece of writing easy to read and easy to assimilate. The flow in your writing style is another strength. There is no abrupt change in the direction o your flow of information. One paragraph melds into the other, and so there is no sense of jarring in the reading of the work. Weaknesses Since I like the piece of work it has been difficult for me to identify

Effect of Knowledge Sharing on Personal and Cultural Factors

Effect of Knowledge Sharing on Personal and Cultural Factors Theory of Knowledge With reference to two areas of knowledge discuss the way in which shared knowledge can shape personal knowledge. In this essay, we are faced with the question as to how shared knowledge can shape personal knowledge. Can the world be improved every time each individual contributes his own knowledge for the benefit of someone else? Is knowledge sharing the key to success? Initially, I will provide definitions of key-notions for better understanding of the difference between shared knowledge and personal knowledge, which is summarized by what â€Å"I know† and what â€Å"we know†. According to the Oxford Dictionaries, knowledge is defined as â€Å"facts, information, and skills acquired through experience or education; the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject†[1]. Personal knowledge is not certainly the same as community knowledge. What an individual knows or how an individual makes knowledge and what community knows are different matters. Personal knowledge is the knowledge acquired through observation or personal experiences by an individual[2]. Shared knowledge is the knowledge shared between people who exchange through information, skills, or expertise[3]. These definitions are neither the correct, nor only definitions of these terms. The classic general example would be with a patient that has a problem with his leg, where the surgeon would want to operate, the pharmacist would want to medicate, the physiotherapist would want to exercise the musco-skeletal system, the priest would pray and so on. Each of them would take its own approach based on his background and shared knowledge held by profession. However, knowledge sharing encompasses not only the sharing of â€Å"great things†, but equally the sharing of â€Å"little things† with the intention of improving the way things get done.[4] Natural Sciences and History provide plenty of examples which show unique study of the past and influence the present. To begin with, can we use a scientific method to develop personal knowledge from shared knowledge? Darwin’s famed evolutionary theories in On the Origin of Species, where the notion that all life is related and descended from a common ancestor: the birds and the bananas, the fishes and the flowers, all are related. The organism’s genetic code is altered as the genes mutate, of which the beneficial mutations remain because they ensure survival, a process called â€Å"natural selection†. Survival and adaption is determined by natural selection. Darwin’s theory became a theory in crisis in light of the tremendous advances made in molecular biology, biochemistry and genetics over the years. Thus shared knowledge led Darwin to concede that â€Å"if it could be demonstrated that any complex organ existed, which could not possibly have been formed by numerous, successive, slight modifications, my theory would absolutely break down†[5]. DNA testing reveals our genetic make-up and, along with genetics, is a means of helping scientists to establish reasoni ng behind how species have originated from a common ancestor. The Human Genome Project, through its sequencing of the DNA, can help us understand diseases including viruses and appropriate treatment, identification of different forms of cancer, the design of medication and their effects, advances in forensic and applied sciences, biofuels and other energy applications, agriculture, livestock breeding, bioprocessing; risk assessment, bioarcheology, anthropology, evolution. It becomes clear that knowledge is perishable, increasingly short lived and to get most things done you need to share with people to achieve your objectives[6]. On the other hand, for centuries people believed that life was created from elements and not from eggs, seeds or other ways of reproduction. The first to believe in this theory was Aristotle who based his thinking on the studies that Anaximander and Hippolytus had previously made and said that life came spontaneously like mud and earth when exposed to sunlight. The theory of the spontaneity of life continued to be believed for thousands of years after Aristotle until 1877, when Louis Pasteur proved that this theory was wrong. He showed that it was not possible for maggots to appear on meat in a sealed container[7]. Pasteur demonstrated that fermentation occurs through the growth of micro-organisms and the emergent growth of bacteria is due to biogenesis (all life from life). Thus the â€Å"personal knowledge† of difference is changing which then affects the whole group/the shared knowledge. Although truth is an objective requirement for knowledge, belief is a subjective requirement for it. Reason gives us greater certainty than perception or belief. What we often hear is said that science has proved something. â€Å"Every scientist knows that science advances only if knowledge is shared†, said Dr. Walt Warnick[8] . If scientific knowledge is not shared, then research may not be done accurately. It is better if scientists share their opinions and thoughts in order to progress and succeed in finding new aspects in several different fields. Every single scientist has to have the incentive to share, use and improve his judgment, disclose ideas or being open to everything is more correct. Scientific progress needs a background of careful observation and imagination plays an important role in the development of new scientific ideas. Thus, part of Copernicus’ genius was that while he saw what everyone else saw when he looked at the night sky, he came up with a di fferent way of looking at it, although this idea did not catch on when the Greek astronomer Aristarchus had suggested that the earth goes round the sun as early as the third century BC . Hence, the vast majority of our knowledge is neither personal nor individual but it is knowledge shared with the rest of the knowledge of the community. Despite the success of the natural sciences we need to keep in mind that they do not have a monopoly for knowledge. â€Å"History is but the register of human crimes and misfortunes† said Voltaire. History seeks to reconstruct past on the basis of evidence that can be found in the present. History is knowledge and â€Å"those who don’t study the past are condemned to repeat it† (George Santayana). The emerging concept of knowledge democracy addresses the relationships between knowledge production and distribution of knowledge. Although the Athenian democracy was based on open deliberation and voting and recognized this as a distinctive way of gaining knowledge about the world and acting upon that knowledge, it was depended also on the willingness of the citizen participants to accept the implicit assumptions they lived by, and the information on the basis of which they cast their votes. Athenian political culture was based on collective opinion rather than on cer tain knowledge and on the assumption that opinion could be translated on practical reality through democratic political process[9]. Thucydides developed what the world described as historical knowledge and he was supported by the majority of Athenians. Thus the personal knowledge of each Athenian became shared knowledge of all the Athenians and vice versa the shared knowledge of the majority of Athenians became personal knowledge of each one of them. History is not simply concerned with describing the past and explaining it. The study of history is something that can give us good judgment about human affairs. On the other hand, history, as a shared knowledge, is a defence against propaganda. One of the best known examples of the abuse of history is from the Stalinist era in the former Soviet Union and the propaganda within Nazi Germany. Communist propaganda in the Soviet Union was based on the Marxist-Leninist ideology to promote the Communist party. Propaganda was part of education, broadcast by any means possible from schools to cinema, with a goal to build a society on the basis of common ownership of the means of production, where the society would be completely under the control of the state. Propaganda is the art of persuasion and Joseph Goebbels was in charge in Nazi Germany of Hitler. His role was to control and censor information available to the German population that could subject the Nazi party to any hostile or damaging opinions. This meant that the pro-Nazi information broadcast to the public was ever more persuasive in nature. Hitler managed to convince 70 million rational people to engage in horrible atrocities and wage war against the world using his speeches and propaganda[10]. Thus history, which is shared knowledge, is concerned with the past and one obvious problem with trying to know the past is that it no longer exists. History is based on primary sources, but since they are selective interpretation of events they cannot always be taken at face value[11] since memory, emotion, sense perception, reason, faith, belief,language play an important role. In conclusion, what are the implications of this shared knowledge for one’s own individual knowledge? Personal experience, vision and inspiration can contribute to shared knowledge when that personal knowledge is communicated to and accepted by the community as it happened with Copernicus’ or Louis Pasteur’s theories. It could also be argued that the relationship between shared and personal knowledge is bi-directional and inseparable. But, shared knowledge of democracy shaped the personal knowledge of each Athenian. History of one’s own nation might give deeper understanding of one’s own past. Day- to- day work of scientists working within the â€Å"paradigm† has made scientists more aware and more receptive to the evolution of the scientific views, as Thomas Kuhn claimed. However, propaganda during Stalinist or Nazi era show that â€Å"paradigm† shifts are more likely in loose shared knowledge and may cause the total controversy of the world.[12] 1 [1] http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/knowledge [2] http://thelawdictionary.org/personal-knowledge/ [3] Frost, Alan.Knowledge Sharing. KMT. Retrieved 17 April 2013.(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_sharing) [4]  http://www.gurteen.com/gurteen/gurteen.nsf/id/ksculture [5] Political Dissent in Democratic Athens: Intellectual Critics p.35 [6] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Genome_Project [7] http://www.toptenz.net/top-10-most-famous-scientific-theories-that-turned-out-to-be-wrong.php [8] http://www.osti.gv/home/ostiblog/knowledge-investment-curve-0 [9] http://web.stanford.edu/group/dispersed_author/docs/ThucydidesCriticism.pdf [10] http://brainblogger.com/2008/11/04/hitlers-guide-to-propaganda-the-psychology-of-coercion/ [11] Theory of Knowledge. Richard van de Lagemaat,p.320 [12] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Kuhn

Physics of Avalanches Essay -- physics avalanche snow

Avalanches kill back country recreationalists every year, including skiers, snowboarders, snowshoers, and snowmachiners. All back country users should have knowledge of the basic physics of avalanches to help them evaluate local and regional potential for slides. The foundation of this knowledge comes from understanding how the surrounding environmental conditions in previous weeks, previous days, and the day in question all contribute to snow stability or instability, and how specific factors affect snow on a micro-scale, which determines how snow slopes will behave on a macro-scale. There are two major types of avalanches (excluding debris avalanches from broken cornices and ice formations). These are point releases, or loose snow slides, and slab avalanches. While point releases can be dangerous and should be avoided, slab avalanches are much more catastrophic and account for most of the backcountry avalanche disasters involving humans. Basic physics of point releases are discussed here, followed by a discussion on the basic physics of slab avalanches, and how external factors contribute to the stability or instability of a snow covered slope. BASIC PHYSICS OF POINT RELEASE AVALANCHES Point release avalanches, or loose snow slides, begin at one point on a slope and get progressively wider as they proceed down the slope. A fundamental characteristic that must be present for this type of avalanche to occur is a surface layer of cohesionless, or nearly cohesionless, snow (University of Colorado IBS 1975; Fredston and Fesler 1994). An initially small amount of snow begins to move downward when the force of gravity is greater than the forces of cohesion at a particular angle or when debris from above starts the s... ...ditional weight of one skier crossing at a time. BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR "THE PHYSICS OF AVALANCHES" Daffern, T. 1983. Avalanche safety for skiers and climbers. Alpenbooks, Seattle, WA. Fredston, J.A., and D. Fesler. 1994. Snow sense: a guide to evaluating snow avalanche hazard. Alaska Mountain Safety Center, Anchorage, AK. Graydon, D., and K. Hanson, editors. 1997. Mountaineering: the freedom of the hills, sixth edition. The Mountaineers, Seattle, WA. Perla, R.I., and M. Martinelli. 1976. Avalanche handbook. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook 489. University of Colorado IBS (Institute of Behavioral Science). 1975. Snow avalanche hazard in the United States: a research assessment. Assessment of Research on Natural Hazards, Program on Technology, Environment, and Man, Monograph NSF-RA-E-75-017. Physics of Avalanches Essay -- physics avalanche snow Avalanches kill back country recreationalists every year, including skiers, snowboarders, snowshoers, and snowmachiners. All back country users should have knowledge of the basic physics of avalanches to help them evaluate local and regional potential for slides. The foundation of this knowledge comes from understanding how the surrounding environmental conditions in previous weeks, previous days, and the day in question all contribute to snow stability or instability, and how specific factors affect snow on a micro-scale, which determines how snow slopes will behave on a macro-scale. There are two major types of avalanches (excluding debris avalanches from broken cornices and ice formations). These are point releases, or loose snow slides, and slab avalanches. While point releases can be dangerous and should be avoided, slab avalanches are much more catastrophic and account for most of the backcountry avalanche disasters involving humans. Basic physics of point releases are discussed here, followed by a discussion on the basic physics of slab avalanches, and how external factors contribute to the stability or instability of a snow covered slope. BASIC PHYSICS OF POINT RELEASE AVALANCHES Point release avalanches, or loose snow slides, begin at one point on a slope and get progressively wider as they proceed down the slope. A fundamental characteristic that must be present for this type of avalanche to occur is a surface layer of cohesionless, or nearly cohesionless, snow (University of Colorado IBS 1975; Fredston and Fesler 1994). An initially small amount of snow begins to move downward when the force of gravity is greater than the forces of cohesion at a particular angle or when debris from above starts the s... ...ditional weight of one skier crossing at a time. BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR "THE PHYSICS OF AVALANCHES" Daffern, T. 1983. Avalanche safety for skiers and climbers. Alpenbooks, Seattle, WA. Fredston, J.A., and D. Fesler. 1994. Snow sense: a guide to evaluating snow avalanche hazard. Alaska Mountain Safety Center, Anchorage, AK. Graydon, D., and K. Hanson, editors. 1997. Mountaineering: the freedom of the hills, sixth edition. The Mountaineers, Seattle, WA. Perla, R.I., and M. Martinelli. 1976. Avalanche handbook. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook 489. University of Colorado IBS (Institute of Behavioral Science). 1975. Snow avalanche hazard in the United States: a research assessment. Assessment of Research on Natural Hazards, Program on Technology, Environment, and Man, Monograph NSF-RA-E-75-017.

Celebration of the Feast of the Black Nazarene in the Philippines Essay

Living in the Philippines where the religion of majority is Catholic, I am used to seeing people participate in almost every occasion relating to religion. Though I am not a Catholic, I admire them when it comes to their dedication and willingness to sacrifice. Among all their religious practices, the Celebration of the Feast of the Black Nazarene puzzled me most. Millions of barefoot men try to make their way as near to the Black Nazarene as possible in order to glance, touch, and wipe towels on it. These people push, fight, squeeze, and do almost anything just to fulfill their panata. As a result, a number of devotees are injured and killed, but they do not really care much because the devotees believe that the more sacrifice one performs, the higher the reward. This can be attributed to the Filipinos’ inclination to self-punishment and devotion to the images of Suffering Christ. According to the article written by Dr. Chua, the procession should actually inform and attract public to become converts of the faith. But based on what is commonly seen in news during the feast, I don’t think that the said procession is an effective way of encouraging new believers. Actually, there is a better and more peaceful way of celebrating the feast such as by praying the rosary or making a personal prayer. Joining the procession seems to be absurd for some people, even for the Catholics, but we must never judge or despise them. Instead, let us try to understand their motives by â€Å"putting ourselves in their shoes†. In my opinion, this is indeed a very helpful tool in comprehending the actions of other people in any given circumstance, not only in understanding the devotees of Nazarene. I have realized that in any ritual or vow performed, what is important is the heart. Without the right one, all sacrifices and effort will just be put to waste. Showing devotion and love for the Divine being should be manifested not only during the Lenten season or Feast of Nazarene; rather, it must be within oneself daily and naturally.

Does Caffeine Affect the Heart Rate Essays

Does Caffeine Affect the Heart Rate Essays Does Caffeine Affect the Heart Rate Paper Does Caffeine Affect the Heart Rate Paper Aim: The aim of this investigation is to investigate the affect of caffeine on the heart rate of Daphnia (Water Fleas). Hypothesis: The heart rate of the Daphnia will increase when exposed to caffeine. Caffeine acts as a stimulant, which causes stimulatory neurotransmitters to be released in excess amounts. This makes the brain feel more alert and also increases mental activity. Therefore an increase in the heart rate is likely if more physical activity is taking place. Method: 1. Set up apparatus needed- 6 Daphnia, cavity slides, dropping pipettes, distilled water, caffeine tablets, cotton wool, glass beakers, test tubes, test tube rack, stop clock, filter paper, and microscope. 2. After equipment is set us, collect 6 Daphnia. Place 3 into pond water and 3 into caffeine solution. 3. Then place a thin layer of cotton wool onto the slides under the microscope. 4. Collect one Daphnia from the pond water, using the pipette and place onto cotton wool. Looking under the microscope, time its heartbeat for 15 seconds using a stop clock and record. 5. Wait for 2 minutes and then record the heartbeat again for 15 seconds. Ensure the stop clock is running continuously throughout. 6. Record the heartbeat of the Daphnia every 2 minutes for 15 seconds until you have recordings for the start, after 2 mins, 4 mins and 6 mins. 7. Repeat steps 4-6 another 2 times. This will ensure the results are reliable as the experiment would have been repeated several times. 8. After having repeated the experiment, change the cotton wool and repeat steps 4-7, this time using the Daphnia from the caffeine solution. Risk Assessment/ Safety: Wear gloves when working with biological specimen and ensure you wash hands after the practical as they may contain bacteria which could spread causing harm to others. Also make sure you wear lab coats in case of any spillage onto your clothes. Use goggles again to protect eyes, in case of spillage. Also wipe down surfaces and wash hands with anti- bacterial sprays/ soap to clean away any bacteria. Ethical Issues: Try to ensure that the Daphnia stay alive after use as they are living creatures too. To ensure the Daphnia stay alive, use pipettes when transferring the Daphnia from the solution, to the microscope and back into pond water.

The DWT Freelance Writing Course Re-Opens Today

The DWT Freelance Writing Course Re-Opens Today The DWT Freelance Writing Course Re-Opens Today The DWT Freelance Writing Course Re-Opens Today By Daniel Scocco Today we are re-opening the doors of the DWT Freelance Writing Course. It runs for six weeks (this being the first one), covering a wide range of topics related to freelance writing and making money on the Internet. Over 1000 students took the course in previous editions, and the feedback we receive is always very positive. There are many students who started generating a side income right away, and even some who managed to become full time freelance writers. Below youll find the link where you can enroll: -> https://www.dailywritingtips.com/freelance-writing-course/ Heres a list of the modules youll go through (the modules are released weekly to avoid information overload): 1. Writing Productivity: If you want to make a living writing youll need to learn how to write efficiently and prolifically. This module gives you the tricks of the trade. 2. Building an Online Presence: If you want to freelance on the Internet, you’ll need to develop your online presence - setting up a website, learning how to promote it, and so on. 3. Writing for the Web: This module explains why the Web is different from other media (such as books or print magazines) and how you can adapt to the differences to produce top-notch work. 4. Finding Clients: A key aspect of making money with freelance writing is being able to find clients, and this module will help you with that. 5. Running a Writing Business: Running a business is tough, and this module aims to give you the tools and tactics you need to run yours efficiently. 6. Social Media: On the last module of the course youll learn how to leverage social networks like Facebook and Twitter to network with other freelancers and to find new clients. Enrollment will close this Friday, November 9, so you have only 72 hours to join. (The small registration window is to make sure students will follow the course at the same pace, since we have a private forum where they can ask questions and interact with other members.) Visit the official page to join, where you’ll find all the details (e.g., course structure, price, bonuses). Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:30 Religious Terms You Should KnowCapitalization Rules for the Names of GamesEducational vs. Educative

Just in Time (JIT) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Just in Time (JIT) - Essay Example The strategy can be applied in UAE also. Gorica Group can implement this in their organization but there are some difficulties that the organization can face to implement this strategy. Just in time is a famous concept introduced in Japan in 1950. This business concept has significant contributions in the domain of production strategy or manufacturing business. Before the advent of JIT big manufacturing or product based organizations across the world were facing significant difficulties to manage their inventories. Companies across the world were storing high amounts of inventories in their warehouses. Inventory related problems were eating into their profitability. It was a significant matter of concern for the organizations. Returns on investments were low and inventory carrying costs were high. Philosophy of JIT is simple but it has utter importance as far as the inventory management is concerned. After the Second World War, Toyota President raised his voice and asked the Japanese automobile industry to pull up their shocks to compete well with the American automobile industry. During that period, American automakers were manufacturing nine times higher than the Japanese counter parts. It was the time when Japanese people first came up with this idea. With the help of this essay JIT will be discussed. Here in this study JIT will be defined in an elaborate fashion. The paper will also discuss various fundamental techniques related with Just in Time. The essay will analyze whether the concept is successful in Japan or not. In addition to all these it will also try to find whether the concept can be implemented in UAE. The concept will also be discussed on the context of an organization. Methodology is an integral part of any research paper. Importance of methodology cannot be denied at all. Methodology brings proper structure to a report. It is the way or process through which information and data are collected.

Sociology Human Services Review 1200words or less - Materials Provided Essay

Sociology Human Services Review 1200words or less - Materials Provided - Essay Example In the business of caring, the first phase – caring about - involves the recognition that there is a need to render care for somebody. Someone who is suffering from AIDS, for example, may be too debilitated in the latter stage of the disease to be able to do things on his own. At this stage, that person will need another to do things that he would have normally done personally like shopping for his basic needs, prepare his food, and do his laundry. The first stage of caring involves the recognition and understanding that the AIDS victim is helpless and needs caring – a stage called caring about that person. The next stage called taking care of involves deciding and assuming the responsibility of taking care of a particular person in need of caring. In the illustration of the AIDS victim, the second stage would involve deciding to take on the responsibility of taking care of the needs of the victim like doing his grocery and shopping, preparing his food and helping him g et on with the his daily basic chores. The third stage or care-giving involves the actual care being given to the person identified as needing care. Thus, the person or group who has decided to assume the responsibility of helping the AIDS victim at this stage now actually and physically renders the necessary help. And the final stage which is care-receiving, involves the recognition and the acceptance of the object of the care of the care being rendered to him (Tronto 1993 pp196-107). Normally, the different caring phases come one after the other and interconnect smoothly. However, there may be instances and cases when these phases conflict with each other. In the care of the aged for example, there are issues which complicate care for the aged although it is understood and accepted that these sector of society really need care. Some of these issues include the participation of the labor force and the maintenance of

Did Robert E. Lee make the correct decisions at Gettysburg or could he Essay

Did Robert E. Lee make the correct decisions at Gettysburg or could he have employed a different strategy - Essay Example The war involved about 170,000 men. Upon losing the battle, the General led the remaining group back to Virginia, in the process bringing the war to a halt and concluded by sealing the Union victory. Despite the defeat, Lee’s still believes they would have won the battle if only they were united. He makes this clear through his letter to the President of the Confederate States, â€Å"†¦.we must expect reverses, even defeats. They are send to teach us wisdom and prudence, to call forth greater energies and to prevent falling into greater disasters. Our people only have to be true and united, to bear manfully the misfortune incident to war, and all will come right in the end.† (General Robert, 8th August, 1863). The losing of the battle at Gettysburg had nothing concerning the decisions he made but instead, it was enabled by the failure of the subordinates not only failing to follow his directives but also acting contrary to them. This is seen when the Cavalry, Generals Ewell and Longstreet end up failing General Lee by failing to act in unison with him. Much about these is as discussed in the successive paragraphs. For a number of weeks, General Lee had not received any feedback from his cavalry. This posed a challenge since the General went ahead to make decisions without having much knowledge on the magnitude and strength of the enemy. This, in other words, shows how the subordinates (Cavalry) contributed in the defeat of General Lee’s Army. General Lee knew the importance a good standing ground as far the winning of any battle is concerned. He figured out a large hill which was referred to as Little Round Top. He ordered one of General Ewell, who he trusted as a Division Commander to go take the hill but instead, the commander let him down. The hill was only having about 1,000 Union soldiers (James, 36), a far much smaller number as compared to the group that was under Ewell (over 20,000 men). This depicts how easy it would have been